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Inaweza kusababisha mwinuko kwa msongo wa damu, mabadiliko katika mishipa […]

ya arteri, matatizo ya kupumua, matatizo ya ini, mabadiliko katika kutokezwa

kwa nyongo

, na madhara kwa kongosho.

It can cause a rise in blood pressure, arterial […]

changes, respiratory trouble, liver upsets, changes in the secretion of

gall

, and damage to the pancreas.

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Baadaye Tobiasi arudisha uwezo wa kuona wa babake

kwa

ile

nyongo

ya samaki.

With the

gall

of the fish, Tobias later restores his father’s sight.

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Mabadiliko ya kawaida biopsi hutambua […]

ni lymphocytes ndani ya tishu ya ini, vinyeleo vya limfu katika triad portal, na mabadiliko

kwa

vichirizi vya

nyongo

.

The typical […]

changes seen are lymphocytes within the parenchyma, lymphoid follicles in portal triad, and changes

to

the

bile

ducts.

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Wanyama hao walikuwa wakinaswa

kwa

sababu ya

nyongo

na kibofu chao cha

nyongo

, ambazo hutumiwa katika dawa za kienyeji za Mashariki.

These animals had been taken

for

their

bile

and

gallbladders

, which are used in traditional Oriental medicine.

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Upimaji wa Homa ya

nyongo

C

kwa

kawaida huanza na vipimo vya damu ili kugundua uwepo wa kingamwili kwa

[…]HCV kwa kutumia kimeng’enya immunoassay.

Hepatitis C testing typically begins

with

blood testing to detect the presence of antibodies to the HCV,

[…]using an enzyme immunoassay.

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Nchi zingine bado hazifanyi uchunguzi wa Homa ya

nyongo

C

kwa

sababu ya gharama.

Some countries do not screen for hepatitis C

due to

the cost.

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Uchunguzi uliofanya katika nchi 77 zimeonyesha kwamba katika nchi 25 ambayo Marekani […]

ni mojawapo, asilimia ya watu wanaopata Homa ya

nyongo

C

kwa

kutumia madawa ya kulevya kwa kujidunga sindano ni

[…]asilimia 60 hadi 80 na Uchina.

Of 77 countries reviewed, 25 […]

(including the United States) were found to have

prevalences

of hepatitis C

in

the intravenous drug user population of between 60% and 80%.

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Akiwa njiani, Tobiasi apata moyo, ini, na

nyongo

ya samaki,

kwa

mwelekezo wa malaika.

On the way, at an angel’s direction, Tobias secures the heart, liver, and

gall

of a fish.

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Maambukizi ya Homa ya

nyongo

C kutoka

kwa

mama hadi

kwa

mtoto hutokea

kwa

asilimia 10 za mimba.

Mother-to-child

transmission

of hepatitis C occurs

in

less than 10% of pregnancies.

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Kufikia mwaka 2011, karibu madawa mia moja yanakuzwa

kwa

ajili ya homa ya

nyongo

C. Dawa hizi ni pamoja na chanjo za

[…]kutibu homa ya manjano, immunomodulators, na vizuia vya cyclophilin.

As of 2011, there are about one hundred medications in development

for

hepatitis C

.

These include vaccines to treat hepatitis, immunomodulators, and cyclophilin inhibitors, among others.

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“

Kwa

hiyo, tubu ubaya wako huu,” Petro akamhimiza Simoni, “na omba dua

kwa

Yehova ili, ikiwezekana, upate kusamehewa mbinu ya moyo wako [“hila hiyo yako,” New Jerusalem Bible];

kwa

maana naona wewe ni

nyongo

yenye sumu na kifungo cha ukosefu wa uadilifu.”—Matendo 8:22, 23.

“Repent,

therefore

, of this badness of yours,” Peter urged Simon, “and supplicate Jehovah that, if possible, the device of your heart [“this scheme of yours,” New Jerusalem Bible] may be forgiven you;

for

I see you are a poisonous

gall

and a bond of unrighteousness.”—Acts 8:22, 23.

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Kwa

miaka kadhaa madaktari walifikiri kwamba kadiri hususa ya ugonjwa-njano wa

nyongo

ilionyesha ilifaa kutoa damu katika watoto hawa na kuibadilisha

kwa

nyingine, lakini utafiti zaidi umefunua matibabu mbalimbali ya badala.

For

some years doctors thought that a specific level of

jaundice

was indication for exchange blood transfusion in these babies, but further research has revealed various

[…]alternative treatments.

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Gharama za kiuchumi za homa ya

nyongo

C ni muhimu

kwa

mtu binafsi na

kwa

jamii kijumla.

The economic costs of hepatitis C are significant both

to

the individual and

to

society.

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Zaidi ya milioni kumi ya watumizi wa madawa ya kulevya

kwa

kujidunga sindano wameambukizwa na Homa ya

nyongo

C; Uchina (milioni 1.6), Marekani (milioni 1.5), na Urusi(milioni 1.3) jumla ya wagonjwa walioambukizwa ni wengi sana.

It is believed that ten million intravenous drug users are infected with hepatitis C; China (1.6 million), the United States (1.5 million), and Russia (1.3 million) have the highest absolute totals.

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Bei ya juu zaidi ambayo hulipiwa vijiwe vya

nyongo

—dola 600 (za Marekani)

kwa

ratili moja!

The highest price is paid for the

gallstones

—$600 (U.S.)

an

ounce!

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Ikilinganishwa na ilivyo

kwa

watu wanaojiepusha na pombe, hatari jumla kutokana na ugonjwa wa vijiwe vya

nyongo

, kudhibiti umri, jinsia, elimu sigara, na uwiano wa ukubwa-mwili na uzani , ni 0.83

kwa

wanywao mara chache na wanywao mara nyingi

kwa

kiasi wastani (<25 ml ya ethanoli

kwa

siku), 0.67

kwa

wanywao kiasi cha kati ( 25-50 ml

kwa

siku), na 0.58

kwa

wanywao

kwa

wingi.

Compared

with

alcohol abstainers, the relative risk of

gallstone

disease, controlling for age, sex, education, smoking, and body mass index, is 0.83

for

occasional and regular moderate drinkers (< 25 ml

of

ethanol

per

day), 0.67

for

intermediate drinkers (25-50 ml

per

day),

and

0.58 for

heavy

drinkers.

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ATAZALIWA katika kabila la Yuda (Mwanzo 49:10); achukiwe, […]

asalitiwe na mmoja wa mitume wake; kura zapigwa

kwa

ajili ya vazi lake; apewa siki na

nyongo

; atukanwa akiwa kwenye mti; hakuna mifupa inayovunjika; hakuona uharibifu; afufuliwa (Zaburi 69:4; 41:9; 22:18; 69:21; 22:7, 8; 34:20; 16:10); azaliwa na bikira; familia ya Daudi; jiwe la kikwazo; akataliwa; akimya mbele ya washtaki; achukua magonjwa; ahesabiwa na wafanya dhambi; kifo cha kidhabihu; achomwa kwenye upande wake; azikwa pamoja na matajiri (Isaya 7:14; 11:10; 8:14, 15; 53:3; 53:7; 53:4; 53:12; 53:5; 53:9); aitwa kutoka Misri (Hosea 11:1); azaliwa katika Bethlehemu (Mika 5:2); atolewa kuwa mfalme; ampanda punda; asalitiwa

kwa

vipande 30 vya fedha; wafuasi watawanyika.—Zekaria 9:9; 11:12; 13:7.

BORN into the tribe of Judah (Genesis 49:10); to be hated, […]

betrayed by one of his apostles; lots cast

for

his garment; given vinegar and

gall

; reviled on the stake; no bones broken; didn’t see corruption; resurrected (Psalm 69:4; 41:9; 22:18; 69:21; 22:7, 8; 34:20; 16:10); born of a virgin; family of David; stone of stumbling; rejected; silent before accusers; took on sicknesses; numbered with sinners; sacrificial death; side pierced; buried with the rich (Isaiah 7:14; 11:10; 8:14, 15; 53:3; 53:7; 53:4; 53:12; 53:5; 53:9); called out of Egypt (Hosea 11:1); born in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2); offered as king; riding on an ass; betrayed

for

30 pieces of silver; followers scattered. —Zechariah 9:9; 11:12; 13:7.

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Uchunguzi uliofanyiwa watoto 15,000 hivi waliotoka tu kuzaliwa ulionyesha kwamba

kwa

kila juma ambalo mtoto alibaki tumboni kuanzia juma la 32 hadi juma la 39, uwezekano wa mtoto kupatwa na kifafa, homa ya

nyongo

manjano, matatizo ya kupumua, na kuvuja damu kwenye ubongo ulipungua

kwa

asilimia 23.

A study of some 15,000 newborns showed that

for

every week a baby remained in the womb between the 32nd and 39th weeks, there was a 23 percent drop in seizures,

jaundice

, respiratory distress, and brain hemorrhages.

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Kwa

maoni ya wengi, kusanyiko lililofanywa mnamo 1975 ndilo lililotibua

nyongo

.

In the

minds of many, the convention of 1975 was the proverbial straw that broke the

camel’s

back.

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Kwa

hiyo, wazazi fulani huhisi kwamba ni afadhali kuepuka tatizo lote

kwa

kupata sindano itakayozuia maradhi hayo na hivyo kuzuia ule ugonjwa-njano wa

nyongo

.

Therefore

, some parents feel that it is better to avoid the

whole

problem with a shot that will prevent the disease and thus the

jaundice

.

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Mwaka wa 2000, uhamisho wake kwenda klabu ya Parma ulitumbukia

nyongo

baada ya kuambukizwa na virusi ya hepatitis, lakini Appiah alipona kutoka

kwa

ugonjwa huu kuihamia Parma katika majira ya joto ya mwaka wa 2000.

A transfer to Parma in 1999 was […]

jeopardised by viral hepatitis, but Appiah overcame the illness

to

move there in the summer of 2000.

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14 Tazama ninawaambia, yule ambaye […]

anadhani kwamba watoto wachanga wanahitaji ubatizo yuko kwenye

nyongo

chungu na katika kifungo cha uovu; kwani hana aimani, wala tumaini, wala hisani;

kwa

hivyo, ikiwa atakufa kama bado anafikiria hivyo, ataenda jahanamu.

14 Behold I say unto you, that he that supposeth […]

that little children need baptism is in the

gall

of bitterness and in the bonds of iniquity; for he hath neither afaith, hope, nor charity;

wherefore

, should he be cut off while in the

[…]thought, he must go down to hell.

LDS LDS

Kwa

mfano, katika ensaiklopedia ya kitiba ya karne ya kwanza ya Dioscorides, matibabu yaliyokusudiwa kuponya homa ya

nyongo

ya manjano yalikuwa kunywa mkorogo wa divai na kinyesi cha mbuzi!

For

example, in the first-century medical encyclopedia of Dioscorides, a purported remedy for

jaundice

was the drinking of a potion consisting of wine and goat dung!

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(Kando ya hilo, ugonjwa-njano mpole wa

nyongo

huenda ukasababishwa wakati ABO haipatani kati ya damu ya mama na damu ya mtoto, lakini

kwa

kawaida hili si jambo zito sana.)

(Incidentally, a mild

jaundice

may be caused when there is an ABO incompatibility between the mother’s blood and the baby’s blood, but this is

usually

not as serious.)

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Kuna upungufu wa maambukizi

kwa

sababu kuna kipindi cha siku 11 hadi 70 ambazo ni siku ambazo mtoaji damu mtarajiwa anayepata Homa ya

nyongo

C na damu yao kuonyesha kwamba imeambukizwa.

This low risk remains

as

there is a period of about 11–70 days between the potential blood

[…]donor’s acquiring hepatitis C and the blood’s testing positive depending on the method.

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